Opiate receptor avidity is increased in rhesus monkeys following unilateral optic tract lesion combined with transections of corpus callosum and hippocampal and anterior commissures

Opiate receptor avidity (B(max)'/K(D)) was measured in four rhesus monkeys following unilateral lesioning of the optic tract combined with transection of the corpus callosum and the hippocampal and anterior commissures depriving one hemisphere of visual input (Tract and Split), two animals with transection of commissures only (Split), and nine healthy monkeys with positron emission tomography (PET) and 6-deoxy-6-beta-[(18)F]fluoronaltrexone (cyclofoxy, CF), a mu- and kappa-opiate receptor antagonist. Opiate receptor avidity was found to be significantly higher in the Tract and Split animals, only, bilaterally, throughout the lateral cortex and in the cingulate and posterior putamen (41-117%). Ipsilateral changes were consistently greater than those contralateral, but this asymmetry was of statistical significance only in the parietal and occipital cortices. Cyclofoxy avidity was decreased in the medial cortex of both the Tract and Split and Split animals ( approximately 25%). The results suggest that opiate pathways undergo extensive alteration in response to changes in brain functional activities brought about through hemispheric visual deprivation.     

秦皮药材的质量评价

目的：评价秦皮药材的质量,为药典标准修订及新药研究提供依据。方法：采用紫外分光光度法定量分析秦皮有效部位的总香豆素;高效液相色谱法定量分析香豆素中的主要成份秦皮甲素,秦皮乙素,秦皮苷及秦皮亭。结果：秦皮中的总香豆素及其主要成份在枝皮中远较干皮高,并以枝条越细含量越高,干皮中含量较低,远不能达药典限度要求;秦皮饮片炮制过程中,“洗净,润透”过程对香豆素类成分影响较大。结论：建议药典将秦皮干皮与枝皮的含量限度分列,或者考虑干皮不作为其入药部位,炮制时不再洗与浸,直接干切。     

Visual agnosia and Klüver–Bucy syndrome in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) following ablation of inferotemporal cortex, with additional mnemonic effects of immunotoxic lesions of cholinergic projections to medial temporal areas

Inferotemporal ablations in the New World monkey, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), produced a persistent impairment on visual discrimination learning and a florid, but transient, Klüver–Bucy syndrome. Monkeys with these ablations were impaired on acquisition of object discriminations to a high criterion and on concurrent discrimination learning, to a single high criterion across all trials. Neither the control monkeys nor the monkeys with inferotemporal ablations found acquisition more difficult when the component discriminations of a set were presented concurrently compared to consecutively, although the monkeys with inferotemporal ablations found acquisition under both these conditions somewhat more difficult than did control monkeys. This suggests that the severe impairment caused by inferotemporal ablations on concurrent learning measured across all trials is due to the need for sustained performance across a concurrent set rather than to the extra mnemonic demands of concurrent presentation. When immunotoxic lesions of the cholinergic projection to the hippocampal formation were added to the inferotemporal ablations, a further impairment on retention, and a differential impairment on concurrent, compared to consecutive, learning was observed. Previous studies have shown that lesions of the cholinergic projection to the hippocampus alone, or excitotoxic hippocampal lesions, do not affect simple visual discrimination learning. It is suggested that large inferotemporal ablations in monkeys produce a visual agnosia which causes severe ‘psychic blindness’ in the first instance, and a persistent impairment on visual discrimination learning. The hippocampus makes a contribution, which may be mnemonic, to discrimination performance after inferotemporal ablations.     

镉的遗传毒性效应及中药五加皮防护研究

目的：从生殖细胞和体细胞两方面研究了镉的诱变作用以及中药五加皮（ＣＡＲ）对镉的抗诱变作用。方法：采用小鼠精子畸形实验和骨髓细胞微核实验（ＭＮＴ）。结果：镉可以明显诱发精子畸形和微核（ＭＮ）（Ｐ＜０．０１）,五加皮可以有效地抑制镉诱发的精子畸形和ＭＮ率（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：五加皮具有抗诱变作用,对职业防护镉的遗传损伤有实用价值。     

STUDY ON THE ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT IN VIVO OF CORTEX ACANTHOPANASIA RADICIS

本文采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验,探讨中药五加皮的体内抗诱变作用。结果表明,五加皮各剂量（１ｇ／ｋｇ,２ｇ／ｋｇ,４ｇ／ｋｇ）对ＭＭＣ诱发的微核率和精子畸形率均有明显的拮抗作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）,微核抑制率达５０．５％－７３．２７％,精子畸形抑制率高达７３．４５％－８４％。结果提示,五加皮具有拮抗ＭＭＣ诱发的体细胞和生殖细胞遗传损伤的作用。     

慢性束缚致大鼠慢性疲劳模型的肾上腺皮质超微结构的变化

探讨慢性疲劳模型动物的肾上腺指数和肾上腺皮质的超微结构的改变及中药调节作用.用慢性束缚的方法研制慢性疲劳动物模型,并在模型成功的基础上处死大鼠,摘取肾上腺称重并在电镜下观察其皮质的超微结构.结果发现慢性束缚法造模2周后,与正常组相比,模型组及中药复方组左侧肾上腺指数增加,而人参皂甙组有所降低.在此基础上观察到肾上腺皮质的超微结构的改变、功能的受损,是使动物HPA轴活动受影响,机体应激能力下降的潜在因素,可能是产生疲劳的原因之一.     

Attenuation of brain high frequency electrocortical response after thiopental in early stages of Alzheimer’s dementia

Rationale: Pathological brain regions generate proportionately less high-frequency (beta) activity than non-pathological regions, a phenomenon accentuated by barbiturate administration. Objectives: Previously, we reported a loss of high-frequency brain electrical response to thiopental in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT). The current study examines whether this phenomenon may be detected in early stages of the illness. Methods: Using quantitative electroencephalography, we examined power in the 20–28 Hz band in patients with early DAT (n=7, age 71.0±3.2 years, Folstein Mini Mental State Score, MMSE 26.2±0.8), normal controls (n=8, age 74.3±3.2 years, MMSE 29.0±0.3) and subjects with moderately severe DAT (n=6, age 76.6±3.0 years, MMSE=12.5±3.7) at baseline and following an intravenous bolus of thiopental (0.5 mg/kg). Results: No significant group differences in beta power were detectable at baseline. In response to thiopental, early DAT subjects compared to controls showed a significantly smaller beta power response in the frontal region at 1–3 min postinjection. Losses were smaller than those of subjects with moderately severe DAT and demonstrated a non-linear correlation with decreases in cognitive function as assessed by the MMSE score (r ²=0.75). Conclusion: In early stages of DAT, a barbiturate challenge may unmask abnormalities in brain electrical activity not seen at baseline. Such changes may reflect underlying cortical deafferentation. Received: 10 March 1999 / Final version: 7 October 1999     

中药厚朴中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的毛细管区带电泳分析

本文采用毛细管区带电泳法（ＣＺＥ）,以硼酸－磷酸混合体系作为背景电解质,对中药厚朴中两种具有生物活性的酚类成分（厚朴酚、和厚朴酚）进行分离。经过实验条件的优化,在０．０３ ｍｏｌ·Ｌ~(－１)硼酸－０．０１ ｍｏｌ·Ｌ~(－１)磷酸－２０％乙醇（ｐＨ １０．８０）缓冲液,检测波长２９４ｎｍ条件下,厚朴酚、和厚朴酚在１２分钟内可获得基线分离。实验表明这种方法简便快速,准确可靠,采用外标法可同时对厚朴中的厚朴酚、和厚朴酚进行定量测定。     

姜制厚朴炮制工艺及辅料的研究

目的 :全面考察姜制厚朴饮片质量。方法 :应用高效液相色谱法 ,以厚朴酚、和厚朴酚总量为质量指标 ,考察了姜制厚朴不同炮制方法、辅料的不同规格及加入与否对饮片质量的影响。结果 :以 10 %生姜汁炒干法质量最佳。结论 :为制定合理、规范的炮制工艺提供科学依据。     

In vivo tonic modulation of the noradrenaline release in the rat cortex by locus coeruleus somatodendritic alpha(2)-adrenoceptors

The regulation of noradrenaline release in the rat cingulate cortex by somatodendritic alpha(2)-adrenoceptors placed in the locus coeruleus was evaluated by dual-probe microdialysis. The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists BRL44408 (2-[2H-(1-methyl-1,3-dihydroisoindole)methyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazole), RS79948 ((8,12,13)-decahydro-3methoxy-12-(ethylsulphonyl)-6H-isoquino[2,1-g][1,6]-naphthyridine) and RX821002 (2-methoxyidazoxan) administered by reverse dialysis into the locus coeruleus increased concentration-dependently (0.01-100 microM) noradrenaline release in the cortex (maximal effects 170+/-30%, 543+/-17%, 195+/-26%, respectively). Administration of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan increased at lower (0.1-10 microM) but decreased at the highest dose (100 microM) noradrenaline in the cortex. These data demonstrate that somatodendritic alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus exert an inhibitory tonic modulation on noradrenaline release in noradrenergic terminal areas.